Minimal Pairs
Teachers use these activities to practise two English sounds that students often mix up. Each pair has a listening exercise. Many pairs also have a speaking exercise.
In the listening exercise, students click a tile to hear a word, then drag the matching word into place. They reveal the words to check. In the speaking exercise, a word appears on screen. The student says it, and the page shows what the browser heard.
These activities use speech in the browser, so they work better on some devices than others. For printable pronunciation activities, see pronunciation practice activities on ESLgames.com.
Vowel Sounds
These minimal pair activities focus on vowel sounds that are often confusing for English learners, such as /æ/ vs /e/ or /ɘʊ/ vs /aʊ/. Listening and speaking exercises help build both recognition and pronunciation skills.
- æ and e (man / men) listening speaking
- /æ/ and /ʌ/ (hat/hut) listening speaking
- /æ/ and /α:(hat/heart) listening speaking
- /α:/ and /α/ (heart/hot) listening speaking
- /α:/ and /α/ (heart/hut) listening speaking
- /α:/ and /α/ (heart/hurt) listening speaking
- /e/ and /eα/ (wait/wet) listening speaking
- /eα/ and /aα/ (hey/hi) listening speaking
- /eα/ and /eα/ (hair/hey) listening speaking
- /eα/ and /αα/ (hair/here) listening speaking
- /I/ and /i:/ (heat/hit) listening speaking
- /e/ and /α/ (head/heard) listening speaking
- /e/ and /α/ (bet/but) listening speaking
- /e/ and /i/ listening speaking
- /ɜ:/ and /ɔ:/ (work/walk) listening speaking
- /ɜ:/ and /ʌ/ (hurt/hut) listening speaking
- /ɒ/ and /ɔ:/ (pot/port) listening speaking
- /ɘʊ/ and /ɔ:/ (boat/bought) listening speaking
- /ɘʊ/ and /ɒ/ (hope/hop) listening speaking
- /ɘʊ/ and /aʊ/ (hole/howl) listening speaking
Consonant Sounds
These minimal pair activities focus on consonant sounds that English learners often find difficult to distinguish, such as /b/ vs /v/ or /s/ vs /ʃ/. Through targeted listening and speaking exercises, learners can improve their ability to hear and produce subtle differences in English consonants.
- b and v listening speaking
- b and p listening speaking
- ch and j listening speaking
- ch and sh listening speaking
- ch and t listening speaking
- d and j listening speaking
- d and t listening speaking
- d and th (day they) listening speaking
- d and th (dawn thorn) listening speaking
- f and p listening speaking
- f and v listening speaking
- g and k listening speaking
- h and vowel listening speaking
- j and y listening
- l and n listening
- l and r listening
- m and n listening
- m and ng listening
- nk and ng listening
- r and w listening
- s and sh listening
- s and th listening
- s and z listening
- t and th (tanks/thanks) listening
- th and z (then/zen) listening
- v and w listening